ExamSpark Class 12 Geography
Subject: CBSE Class 12 Geography (NCERT Full-Syllabus Practice)
Detailed Question Analysis
Q1. Which of the following best explains "population growth"?
Correct Answer: Option B (Change in population due to births, deaths, and migration)
Concept Explanation: Population growth occurs because of the combined effect of birth rate, death rate, and migration patterns.
Q2. Which type of farming involves cultivation on small patches of land using primitive tools?
Correct Answer: Option C (Shifting cultivation)
Concept Explanation: Shifting cultivation uses simple tools and small plots, where land is abandoned after soil fertility declines.
Q3. Which factor is most important for the location of the jute textile industry in India?
Correct Answer: Option B (Nearness to jute-producing areas)
Concept Explanation: Jute is bulky and perishable, so industries are located near raw material sources in West Bengal.
Q4. Which of the following is a non-conventional source of energy?
Correct Answer: Option C (Solar energy)
Concept Explanation: Solar energy is a renewable and non-conventional energy source widely promoted for sustainability.
Q5. Which of the following is the most suitable indicator of human development?
Correct Answer: Option C (Health, education, and income levels)
Concept Explanation: Human development measures quality of life using health, education, and standard of living indicators.
Q6. A drought-prone state promotes millet cultivation instead of rice farming. Which geographical principle is reflected?
Correct Answer: Option B (Sustainable use of water resources)
Concept Explanation: Millets require less water than rice and are better suited for dry conditions.
Q7. A city develops a metro rail network to reduce traffic congestion and pollution. This initiative mainly supports:
Correct Answer: Option B (Sustainable urban transport)
Concept Explanation: Metro systems reduce vehicle emissions and improve urban mobility sustainably.
Q8. Why are waterways considered fuel-efficient?
Correct Answer: Option C (They consume less fuel per unit of cargo transported)
Concept Explanation: Waterways can carry bulky goods with lower fuel consumption compared to road and air transport.
Q9. Which of the following best explains "resource conservation"?
Correct Answer: Option B (Scientific management and careful use of resources)
Concept Explanation: Resource conservation ensures long-term availability through planned and responsible use.
Q10. Which economic activity involves processing raw materials into finished goods?
Correct Answer: Option B (Secondary activity)
Concept Explanation: Secondary activities include manufacturing and industrial processing of raw materials.
Q11. Assertion (A): Deforestation increases the chances of soil erosion. Reason (R): Tree roots help bind soil and reduce runoff.
Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A)
Concept Explanation: Vegetation cover protects soil from erosion by holding it firmly and slowing water flow.
Q12. Assertion (A): Ports play an important role in international trade. Reason (R): Ports connect inland regions with global sea routes.
Correct Answer: Option A (Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A)
Concept Explanation: Ports facilitate import-export activities and connect countries through maritime trade routes.
Q13. Read the following case carefully: A coastal village develops mangrove forests and elevated cyclone shelters after repeated cyclone damage. Which geographical objective is mainly achieved here?
Correct Answer: Option B (Disaster management and mitigation)
Concept Explanation: Mangroves reduce storm impact, while shelters improve safety during cyclones.
Q14. Read the passage carefully: A region with good roadways, electricity, internet connectivity, and skilled labor attracts many IT companies. Which factor is most responsible for industrial growth here?
Correct Answer: Option B (Infrastructure and human resources)
Concept Explanation: Modern industries depend mainly on infrastructure, communication, and skilled workforce.
Q15. Which of the following best explains "migration"?
Correct Answer: Option B (Permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one place to another)
Concept Explanation: Migration involves movement of people due to employment, education, disasters, or better opportunities.
Q16. Which of the following is NOT a feature of sustainable cities?
Correct Answer: Option C (Excessive use of fossil fuels)
Concept Explanation: Sustainable cities aim to reduce fossil fuel dependence and promote eco-friendly development.
Q17. A mineral-rich area remains economically backward because of poor transport and communication. This shows the importance of:
Correct Answer: Option B (Infrastructure development)
Concept Explanation: Transport and communication are essential for industrial growth and economic development.
Q18. Which measure is most effective in controlling groundwater depletion?
Correct Answer: Option B (Rainwater harvesting)
Concept Explanation: Rainwater harvesting helps recharge aquifers and improves groundwater availability.
Q19. Which of the following best explains "dependency ratio"?
Correct Answer: Option B (Ratio of dependent population to working-age population)
Concept Explanation: Dependency ratio measures the burden on economically active population by dependents.
Q20. Which strategy is most suitable for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the long term?
Correct Answer: Option B (Expanding use of renewable energy)
Concept Explanation: Renewable energy sources like solar and wind reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower emissions.