What amount will be credited to the Income and Expenditure Account for the year 2023-24 for subscriptions?

₹4,85,000. Subscription for the year = Total Received - Received for Previous Year - Received for Next Year + Outstanding for Current Year = ₹5,00,000 - ₹25,000 - ₹40,000 + ₹50,000 (i.e., ₹55,000 - ₹5,000 irrecoverable).

What is the corrective action if the partnership deed is silent on interest on drawings but the accountant charged 6%?

Credit P's, Q's, and R's Capital Accounts with the interest wrongly debited. When the deed is silent, no interest is charged.

What happens in a Common-Size Income Statement if the percentage of 'Cost of Revenue from Operations' to 'Revenue' increases?

It indicates a deterioration in gross profit margin, as a larger portion of revenue is being consumed by costs.

CUET Political Science Mock Test 16 Solutions & Explanations

Q1. A political analyst observes that a powerful nation is able to shape international norms and preferences, making other countries want what it wants, without using military force. This observation best illustrates which concept of hegemony as defined by Antonio Gramsci and later applied to international relations?

Correct Answer: Option A (Hegemony as military preponderance)

Explanation: The primary purpose of NAM was to navigate the Cold War rivalry. With the collapse of one of the blocs (USSR), the central context for NAM's original mission disappeared, leading to questions about its modern-day relevance.
* Concept: Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
* Type: Assertion-Reason (PYQ-based style).

Q2. Assertion (A): The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has faced challenges in maintaining its relevance in the post-Cold War unipolar world.
Reason (R): The core rationale of NAM was to maintain autonomy from the two superpower blocs, a context that ceased to exist after 1991.

Correct Answer: Option B (Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).)

Explanation: The 'ASEAN Way' is famously distinct from the legalistic, formal structures of the EU. It prioritizes dialogue, sovereignty, and non-interference, which is both a strength (maintains harmony) and a weakness (slows down decision-making).
* Concept: New Centres of Power (ASEAN).
* Type: Conceptual.

Q3. The 'ASEAN Way', a principle guiding the interactions within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is best characterized by:

Correct Answer: Option B (A preference for informal consultation, consensus-building, and non-interference in internal affairs.)

Explanation: The Mandal Commission's implementation triggered a major political shift, consolidating OBCs as a formidable political bloc and leading to the rise of parties like the SP, RJD, and BSP (which also mobilized Dalits) that challenged the dominance of the Congress.
* Concept: Recent Developments in Indian Politics (Mandal Commission).
* Type: Consequence-based.

Q4. The implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations in 1990 led to a significant realignment in Indian politics. Which of the following was a primary political consequence of this event?

Correct Answer: Option A (The consolidation of the Congress party's vote bank across all social sections.)

Explanation: Bombay Plan (1944) -> Planning Commission (1950) -> Second Five Year Plan/Mahalanobis model (1956) -> Green Revolution (mid-1960s). This tests the timeline of India's development strategy.
* Concept: Politics of Planned Development.
* Type: Chronological Order (Expected Type).

Q5. Consider the following events in India's journey of planned development:
I. Introduction of the "Green Revolution".
II. Formulation of the Bombay Plan by industrialists.
III. Establishment of the Planning Commission.
IV. Shift towards heavy industrialization under the Mahalanobis model.
Arrange these events in their correct chronological order.

Correct Answer: Option B (III, II, I, IV)

Explanation: The term 'internal disturbance' was considered vague and prone to misuse. The 44th Amendment made the condition for an internal emergency much more stringent by replacing it with 'armed rebellion'.
* Concept: Crisis of the Democratic Order (Emergency).
* Type: Specific Factual/Conceptual.

Q6. The 44th Amendment Act (1978) to the Indian Constitution was a direct legislative response to the excesses of the National Emergency (1975-77). Which of the following was a crucial change it introduced to Article 352?

Correct Answer: Option C (It increased the term of the Lok Sabha from five to six years during an emergency.)

Explanation: 'Integral Humanism' is the core political philosophy formulated by Deendayal Upadhyaya, which became the official doctrine of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and later the BJP.
* Concept: Recent Developments (Ideologies of Parties).
* Type: Ideology-based.

Q7. A political party's manifesto advocates for 'Integral Humanism' as its guiding philosophy, emphasizing a holistic and indigenous model of development that is neither capitalist nor socialist. This philosophy is most closely associated with:

Correct Answer: Option C (Deendayal Upadhyaya)

Explanation: CBDR acknowledges that while climate change is a 'common' problem, the 'responsibility' to fix it is 'differentiated'. It places a greater onus on developed countries due to their historical carbon footprint and greater capacity.
* Concept: Globalisation & Environment (CBDR).
* Type: Application-based (Expected Type).

Q8. The term 'Common But Differentiated Responsibilities' (CBDR) is a cornerstone of international environmental negotiations. If India were to use this principle at a climate summit, what would its argument most likely be?

Correct Answer: Option C (Developed nations, having contributed the most to historical emissions, must take the lead in reducing emissions and provide finance and technology to developing nations.)

Explanation: While often misinterpreted, the core of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution was about strengthening federalism and demanding more powers for the state, not outright secession. This is a tricky question that tests precise understanding over popular narrative.
* Concept: Regional Aspirations (Punjab).
* Type: Nuanced Conceptual.

Q9. The Anandpur Sahib Resolution of 1973 is a significant document in the context of regional aspirations in Punjab. A critical and nuanced reading of the resolution reveals its primary demand was for:

Correct Answer: Option B (The complete merger of Punjab with neighboring states to form a larger administrative unit.)

Explanation: This is the crucial distinction. Unlike in communist states where opposition was outlawed, India's one-party dominance was a result of electoral success within a competitive, democratic system.
* Concept: Era of One-Party Dominance.
* Type: Comparative/Analytical.

Q10. What fundamentally distinguished the 'one-party dominance' of the Congress in post-independence India from the one-party systems in countries like the Soviet Union or China during the same period?

Correct Answer: Option C (The Congress completely banned all opposition parties from contesting elections.)

Explanation: The US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, without a clear mandate from the UN Security Council, is a textbook example of a unipolar power bypassing international institutions when they don't serve its perceived interests.
* Concept: US Hegemony / International Organizations.
* Type: Application-based.

Q11. A student of international relations is studying the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, which was undertaken without the sanction of the UN Security Council. This action can be cited as a prime example of:

Correct Answer: Option A (The successful implementation of the UN's collective security system.)

Explanation: The phrase originated from the actions of a Haryana MLA, Gaya Lal, in 1967. It became a symbol of the political instability and opportunism that characterized the era of SVD (Samyukta Vidhayak Dal) coalition governments.
* Concept: Challenges to the Congress System.
* Type: Terminology-based.

Q12. The political phenomenon of 'Aya Ram, Gaya Ram', which became prominent in Indian politics after the 1967 elections, refers to:

Correct Answer: Option A (The frequent floor-crossing by legislators for personal or political gain, leading to governmental instability.)

Explanation: This is a straightforward matching question testing knowledge of key social and political movements and the figures associated with them. Medha Patkar (NBA), Rajinder Singh (Waterman of India), JP (Total Revolution), Kurien (Amul).
* Concept: Social and New Social Movements.
* Type: Match the Following.

Q13. Match the leader/activist with the movement/organization they are most famously associated with:
(i) Medha Patkar
(ii) Rajinder Singh
(iii) Jayaprakash Narayan
(iv) Verghese Kurien

(a) Total Revolution
(b) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(c) Milk Revolution (Amul)
(d) Water Conservation (Tarun Bharat Sangh)

Choose the correct option:

Correct Answer: Option B ((i)-(a), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(d))

Explanation: Yogendra Yadav and other political scientists used this term to describe the increased political participation and quest for self-respect and power by the lower castes, which fundamentally changed India's electoral landscape.
* Concept: Recent Developments in Indian Politics.
* Type: Conceptual Terminology.

Q14. The term "Second Democratic Upsurge" used by political scientists to describe a phase in Indian politics refers to:

Correct Answer: Option C (The movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan against the Emergency.)

Explanation: A major criticism of 'Shock Therapy' was precisely the *lack* of an adequate social safety net. State subsidies were withdrawn abruptly, leading to immense hardship, which is why it's called "shock" therapy.
* Concept: The End of Bipolarity.
* Type: "Which is NOT" type (Tricky).

Q15. In the context of the disintegration of the USSR, 'Shock Therapy' was a set of economic policies adopted by Russia and other post-Soviet states. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic feature of Shock Therapy?

Correct Answer: Option C (A state-subsidized social safety net to cushion the population from the immediate effects of economic transition.)

Explanation: This question tests a specific, contentious case of integration. Manipur had its own functioning Legislative Assembly after an election in 1948, and the controversy is that this body was not consulted before the Maharaja signed the merger agreement in Shillong.
* Concept: Challenges of Nation Building.
* Type: Specific Conceptual.

Q16. The contentious integration of the princely state of Manipur into the Indian Union in 1949 is a subject of debate. The controversy primarily stems from the argument that:

Correct Answer: Option B (The merger was conducted after a statewide referendum that overwhelmingly supported joining India.)

Explanation: During this period, there was a strong push from the ruling party for the bureaucracy and judiciary to be 'committed' to the government's socialist and developmental vision, which critics saw as an attack on their independence and neutrality.
* Concept: Crisis of the Democratic Order.
* Type: Context-based.

Q17. The concept of a 'committed bureaucracy and judiciary' was a subject of intense debate in India during the:

Correct Answer: Option B (Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi, particularly around the time of the Emergency.)

Explanation: BRICS is a key example of a new centre of power. It is not a military alliance but a political and economic forum for major non-Western countries to coordinate policies and advocate for reform in institutions like the IMF and World Bank.
* Concept: New Centres of Power.
* Type: Analytical/Conceptual.

Q18. The establishment of the BRICS grouping (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) can be interpreted in the context of contemporary world politics as:

Correct Answer: Option B (An attempt by emerging economies to create a platform to challenge Western dominance in global economic and political institutions.)

Explanation: Kothari's genius was in identifying that Congress wasn't just a party but a 'system'. It was an umbrella party that co-opted and managed conflicts internally, making it difficult for external opposition to gain traction.
* Concept: Era of One-Party Dominance (Rajni Kothari's thesis).
* Type: High-level Conceptual.

Q19. What was the central argument of Rajni Kothari's concept of the 'Congress System'?

Correct Answer: Option B (It was a system of one-party dominance where the Congress party functioned as a broad coalition, managing internal opposition and factions, thus making the opposition parties weak and marginal.)

Explanation: A key clause of the Shimla Agreement was the commitment to bilateralism, effectively agreeing to keep third-party or UN mediation out of disputes like Kashmir. This has been a cornerstone of India's policy towards Pakistan ever since.
* Concept: India's External Relations.
* Type: Factual/Conceptual.

Q20. The Shimla Agreement (1972) between India and Pakistan was significant because it committed both countries to:

Correct Answer: Option A (Resolve the Kashmir issue through third-party mediation by the United Nations.)

Explanation: Detailed explanation will be updated shortly.

Mock Test 16 Performance Solutions

Q2. Assertion (A): The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has faced challenges in maintaining its relevance in the post-Cold War unipolar world.Reason (R): The core rationale of NAM was to maintain autonomy from the two superpower blocs, a context that ceased to exist after 1991.